Borobudur temple is the name of a Buddhist temple located in the village of Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. Location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by followers of Mahayana Buddhism around the year 800 AD during the reign of the Syaelendra dynasty. According to historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to earn his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the Kahulunan and Karangtengah inscriptions. Casparis estimate the founder of the Borobudur is the king of Mataram from Syaelendra dynasty's named Samaratungga, who constructed around 824 AD. The giant new buildings can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Then Borobudur temple estimated construction takes half a century. Temple according to the etymology of the name comes from the Sanskrit language which Boro means temple complex, or a monastery or place of worship and beduhur meaning high. So the intended Borobudur is a place of worship where yag located in areas that high.
Borobudur Structure
Borobudur Temple formed shaped staircase, which consists of six levels of a square, three-level circular and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered at all levels-the levels several stupas. Borobudur is ten stories clearly illustrate the philosophical school of Mahayana, like a book, Borobudur describes ten levels of Bodhisattva must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.
The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama, or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story. Some small additional structure was set aside, so people still can see the relief in this section.
Four floors with walls berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to break free from lust, but is still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of that is, between the bottom and the nature of nature. In part this Rupadhatu statues of Buddha found in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls has not relief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not). Circular floor plan. This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Buddha statues are placed inside the stupa is covered with holes as in the cage. From outside the statues that still seems vague.
The highest level that describes the lack of being represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa. Stupa depicted plain without holes. Within the biggest stupa of the Buddha statue was ever found an imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha, wwhich is considered as a statue Adibuddha, but through further research there has never been a statue at the main stupa, which is not finished sculpture was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times. according to the belief that the statue was wrong in the manufacturing process should not be tampered with. Archaeological excavations carried out in the courtyard of the temple was found a lot of statues like this.
In the past, several statues of Buddha along with 30 stones with reliefs, two statues of lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn, who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government.
Borobudur has no spaces worship like other temples. That there are long hallways which is a narrow road. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In the halls of the Buddhist is expected to perform the ceremony walk around the temple to the right. Shape of the building without room and terraced structure is alleged is the development of form punden staircase, which is a form of architecture from prehistoric native Indonesia.
Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure. Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the Interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue. it is amazing.
Festival
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. Reliefs are read according to clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit which meaning is daksina east. These reliefs content variety of story, among other reliefs of Jataka stories.
Reading of the stories are always the starting relief from east side to of the gate at the end for every level. So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and to the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
The composition and distribution of relief stories on the walls and the balustrade of the temple are as follows:
Chart Relief
Level position / location Relief Story Number of Frames
The original temple leg - Karmawibhangga 160 frames
- Level I - wall a. Lalitawistara 120 frames
b. Jataka / awadana 120 frames
- Ledge a. Jataka / awadana 372 frames
b. Jataka / awadana 128 frames
Level II - wall frame 128 ---- Gandawyuha
- Ledge Jataka / awadana 100 frames
Level III - 88 Gandawyuha wall frame
- Ledge Gandawyuha 88 frames
Level IV - 84 Gandawyuha wall frame
- Ledge Gandawyuha 72 frames
Total frames ------------------------------------ 1460
In sequence, the story of the temple reliefs mean briefly as follows :
Karmawibhangga
One of the temple wall carvings at Borobudur is Karmawibhangga (southeast corner of the floor 0). In accordance with the symbolic meaning to the foot of the temple, reliefs which adorn the walls of a hidden shelf that illustrate the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story of the series (serial), but in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief will not only give an idea of human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that would obtain, but also human and reward good deeds. Overall, the portrayal of human life within the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) which is never ending, and by Buddhism is exactly what the chain will be ended to to perfection.
Lalitawistara
Is a depiction of a history of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete history) that starts from the Buddha's descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the stairs. The 27 frames are busy describing, both in heaven and in the world, in preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of the Bodhisattva as the Buddha. The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of the King and Queen Maya of Suddhodana Kapilavastu Affairs. Relief amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first sermon, which is symbolically expressed as the Turning of the Wheel of Dharma, the Buddha's teaching is called dharma also means "law", while the dharma is represented as a wheel.
Jataka and Awadana
Jataka stories of Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha before. Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature. Indeed, the collection service / good deed is a preparatory stage in the effort towards the level of the Buddha's.
While Awadana, basically almost the same as the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas, but other people and the stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana godlike, and the book Awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories. In the reliefs of Borobudur temple and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning that they occur in the same row without distinction. The set of the best known of the life of the Bodhisattva is Jatakamala or strands of Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.
Gandawyuha
Is a row of reliefs adorn the walls of the second aisle, is the story of a wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for the Supreme Knowledge of the Truth by Sudhana. Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari.
Borobudur Structure
Borobudur Temple formed shaped staircase, which consists of six levels of a square, three-level circular and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered at all levels-the levels several stupas. Borobudur is ten stories clearly illustrate the philosophical school of Mahayana, like a book, Borobudur describes ten levels of Bodhisattva must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.
The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama, or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story. Some small additional structure was set aside, so people still can see the relief in this section.
Four floors with walls berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to break free from lust, but is still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of that is, between the bottom and the nature of nature. In part this Rupadhatu statues of Buddha found in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls has not relief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not). Circular floor plan. This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Buddha statues are placed inside the stupa is covered with holes as in the cage. From outside the statues that still seems vague.
The highest level that describes the lack of being represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa. Stupa depicted plain without holes. Within the biggest stupa of the Buddha statue was ever found an imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha, wwhich is considered as a statue Adibuddha, but through further research there has never been a statue at the main stupa, which is not finished sculpture was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times. according to the belief that the statue was wrong in the manufacturing process should not be tampered with. Archaeological excavations carried out in the courtyard of the temple was found a lot of statues like this.In the past, several statues of Buddha along with 30 stones with reliefs, two statues of lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn, who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government.
Borobudur has no spaces worship like other temples. That there are long hallways which is a narrow road. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In the halls of the Buddhist is expected to perform the ceremony walk around the temple to the right. Shape of the building without room and terraced structure is alleged is the development of form punden staircase, which is a form of architecture from prehistoric native Indonesia.
Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure. Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the Interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue. it is amazing.
Festival
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. Reliefs are read according to clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit which meaning is daksina east. These reliefs content variety of story, among other reliefs of Jataka stories.
Reading of the stories are always the starting relief from east side to of the gate at the end for every level. So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and to the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
The composition and distribution of relief stories on the walls and the balustrade of the temple are as follows:
Chart Relief
Level position / location Relief Story Number of Frames
The original temple leg - Karmawibhangga 160 frames
- Level I - wall a. Lalitawistara 120 frames
b. Jataka / awadana 120 frames
- Ledge a. Jataka / awadana 372 frames
b. Jataka / awadana 128 frames
Level II - wall frame 128 ---- Gandawyuha
- Ledge Jataka / awadana 100 frames
Level III - 88 Gandawyuha wall frame
- Ledge Gandawyuha 88 frames
Level IV - 84 Gandawyuha wall frame
- Ledge Gandawyuha 72 frames
Total frames ------------------------------------ 1460
In sequence, the story of the temple reliefs mean briefly as follows :Karmawibhangga
One of the temple wall carvings at Borobudur is Karmawibhangga (southeast corner of the floor 0). In accordance with the symbolic meaning to the foot of the temple, reliefs which adorn the walls of a hidden shelf that illustrate the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story of the series (serial), but in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief will not only give an idea of human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that would obtain, but also human and reward good deeds. Overall, the portrayal of human life within the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) which is never ending, and by Buddhism is exactly what the chain will be ended to to perfection.
Lalitawistara
Is a depiction of a history of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete history) that starts from the Buddha's descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the stairs. The 27 frames are busy describing, both in heaven and in the world, in preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of the Bodhisattva as the Buddha. The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of the King and Queen Maya of Suddhodana Kapilavastu Affairs. Relief amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first sermon, which is symbolically expressed as the Turning of the Wheel of Dharma, the Buddha's teaching is called dharma also means "law", while the dharma is represented as a wheel.
Jataka and Awadana
Jataka stories of Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha before. Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature. Indeed, the collection service / good deed is a preparatory stage in the effort towards the level of the Buddha's.
While Awadana, basically almost the same as the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas, but other people and the stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana godlike, and the book Awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories. In the reliefs of Borobudur temple and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning that they occur in the same row without distinction. The set of the best known of the life of the Bodhisattva is Jatakamala or strands of Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.
Gandawyuha
Is a row of reliefs adorn the walls of the second aisle, is the story of a wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for the Supreme Knowledge of the Truth by Sudhana. Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari.
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